Oracle Cloud Infrastructure 2023 AI Foundations Associate (1Z0-1122-23)

1. Which application does NOT require a Machine Learning solution?

• Customer Segmentation
• Detecting spam emails
• Stock Price Predictions
• Password Validation (*)

Correct Option: Password Validation

Password Validation (option a) typically does not require a Machine Learning solution. Password validation is a straightforward process that involves checking whether a user-entered password matches the stored password on a server. This can be achieved through standard cryptographic techniques and rules without the need for Machine Learning.

 

2. What type of clustering algorithm is used to cluster the data points into nonoverlapping clusters?

• Weight based
• Partition based (*)
• Distribution based
• Density based

Correct Option: Partition based

Partition-based clustering algorithms (option c) are used to divide data points into nonoverlapping clusters, where each data point belongs to exactly one cluster. The most well-known example of a partition-based clustering algorithm is K-Means. K-Means iteratively assigns data points to the nearest cluster center and then recomputes cluster centers until convergence, resulting in distinct, nonoverlapping clusters.

 

3. . Which type of Machine Learning algorithm learns from outcomes to make decisions?

• Reinforcement Learning (*)
• Natural Language Processing
• Unsupervised Learning
• Supervised Learning

Correct Option: Reinforcement learning

Reinforcement Learning (option c) is a type of Machine Learning algorithm that learns from outcomes to make decisions. In Reinforcement Learning, an agent interacts with an environment and takes actions to maximize cumulative rewards.

 

4. What type of Machine Learning algorithm is used when we want to predict the resale price on a residential property?

• Regression (*)
• Binary Classification
• Multiclass Classification
• Anomaly Detection

 

Correct Option: Regression

Regression (option a) is the type of Machine Learning algorithm used when we want to predict continuous numerical values such as the resale price of a residential property. In regression tasks, the goal is to learn a mapping between input features (for example, square footage, number of bedrooms, and location) and a continuous target variable (for example, price). Linear Regression is most employed for this purpose.

 

5. Which type of function is used in Logistic Regression to predict a loan defaulter?

• Identity function
• Gaussian function
• Sigmoidal function (*)
• Step function

Correct Option: Sigmoidal function to predict the probability of binary outcome

Logistic Regression is a binary classification algorithm commonly used in Machine Learning to predict binary outcomes, such as whether a loan will be defaulted or not. The key idea behind Logistic Regression is to model the probability of an event occurring as a function of input features. The output of this model is transformed using the sigmoidal (also known as logistic) function. The sigmoidal function, often represented as the sigmoid function, has an S-shaped curve that maps any input value to an output value between 0 and 1.